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Greek Grammar Lesson from Mark 3:5
Verse in Greek
καὶ περιβλεψάμενος αὐτοὺς μετ’ ὀργῆς, συλλυπούμενος ἐπὶ τῇ πωρώσει τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν, λέγει τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ· Ἔκτεινον τὴν χεῖρά σου. καὶ ἐξέτεινε, Study more .....
Submission, Humility, and Divine Favor in 1 Peter 5:5: Participial Structure and Ethical Reciprocity in Koine Greek
Ὁμοίως νεώτεροι ὑποτάγητε πρεσβυτέροις, πάντες δὲ ἀλλήλοις ὑποτασσόμενοι τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε· ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς Study more .....
“ποιεῖ καὶ βαπτίζει”: Compound Present Indicatives of Growth in John 4:1
Introduction: A Ministry in Motion
At the center of the Pharisees’ concern in John 4:1 is the report that:
Ἰησοῦς πλείονας μαθητὰς ποιεῖ καὶ βαπτίζει —
“Jesus is making and baptizing more disciples.”
The Greek here uses two coordinated present active Study more .....
“ἤκουσαν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι”: Aorist Perception and Reported Knowledge in John 4:1
Introduction: Who Heard—and What That Meant
In John 4:1, a nested series of clauses brings us to the moment of narrative tension:
Ὡς οὖν ἔγνω ὁ κύριος ὅτι ἤκουσαν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι…
“When the Lord knew that the Pharisees had heard…”
The clause ἤκουσαν Study more .....
“πλείονας μαθητὰς ποιεῖ… ἢ Ἰωάννης”: The Grammar of Growth and Comparison in John 4:1
Introduction: When the Crowd Begins to Shift
John 4:1 opens with a report of what the Pharisees have heard:
“Jesus is making and baptizing more disciples than John.”
This comparative construction—πλείονας μαθητὰς… ἢ Ἰωάννης—carries both grammatical precision and Study more .....
“Ὡς οὖν ἔγνω ὁ κύριος…”: Aorist Knowing and Temporal Sequence in John 4:1
Introduction: The Moment Jesus Knew
John 4:1 begins with a simple yet weighty statement:
“When the Lord knew that the Pharisees had heard…”
The verb ἔγνω (“he knew”) governs the entire clause. It is not just a past action—it is a grammatical hinge that conveys divine awareness and Study more .....
“ἵνα σταυρωθῇ”: Divine Passive and Purpose in Mark 15:15
Introduction: The Purpose of Betrayal
The final words of Mark 15:15 record the intended outcome of Pilate’s decision:
ἵνα σταυρωθῇ — “in order that he might be crucified.”
This is a classic ἵνα-clause, which expresses purpose or result, but what stands out is the verb form: Study more .....
“φραγελλώσας”: The Aorist Participle of Brutality and Irony in Mark 15:15
Introduction: The King's Coronation Begins in Scourging
Mark 15:15 records Pilate’s final act of surrender to the crowd’s demand:
ἀπέλυσεν αὐτοῖς τὸν Βαραββᾶν, καὶ παρέδωκε τὸν Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας.
“He released Barabbas to them, Study more .....
“παρέδωκε τὸν Ἰησοῦν”: The Grammar of Surrender and Judgment in Mark 15:15
Introduction: When the Judge Becomes the Deliverer
Mark 15:15 reports Pilate’s final act:
καὶ παρέδωκε τὸν Ἰησοῦν φραγελλώσας· ἵνα σταυρωθῇ —
“And he handed over Jesus, having scourged him, so that he might be crucified.”
The verb παρέδωκε Study more .....
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“ἀπέλυσεν τὸν Βαραββᾶν”: Legal Release and Narrative Irony in Mark 15:15
Introduction: The Inversion of Justice
Mark 15:15 includes this concise but pivotal clause:
ἀπέλυσεν αὐτοῖς τὸν Βαραββᾶν —
“He released Barabbas to them.”
This clause marks a dramatic reversal: Barabbas, a known insurrectionist (Mark 15:7), is set free, while Study more .....
“τῷ ὄχλῳ τὸ ἱκανὸν ποιῆσαι”: Idiom of Appeasement in Mark 15:15
Introduction: When Justice Bows to Crowd Control
Mark 15:15 opens with a participial phrase describing Pilate’s inner intent:
βουλόμενος τῷ ὄχλῳ τὸ ἱκανὸν ποιῆσαι —
“wishing to satisfy the crowd.”
This expression is built around the idiom τὸ ἱκανὸν Study more .....
Greek Grammar and Syntactic Analysis of Mark 11:14
Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, εἶπεν αὐτῇ· μηκέτι ἐκ σοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα μηδεὶς καρπὸν φάγοι. καὶ ἤκουον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ.
Aorist Participle ἀποκριθεὶς and Narrative Framing
The participle Study more .....
“τὰ ἐμὰ… τῶν ἐμῶν”: Possessive Adjectives and Personal Ownership in John 10:14
Introduction: The Language of Possession
Jesus says:
γινώσκω τὰ ἐμὰ καὶ γινώσκομαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν
“I know the things that are mine, and I am known by those who are mine.”
In both clauses, the possessive adjective ἐμός (“mine”) appears in Study more .....
“γινώσκω τὰ ἐμὰ καὶ γινώσκομαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν”: Reciprocal Knowing and Shepherd Identity in John 10:14
Introduction: The Shepherd Who Knows and Is Known
In John 10:14, Jesus states:
Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός,
καὶ γινώσκω τὰ ἐμὰ καὶ γινώσκομαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν.
“I am the good shepherd, and I know my own, and my own know me.”
This Study more .....
Grammatical Contrast and Theological Hesitation in Matthew 3:14: Syntax and Voice in John’s Objection
Ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης διεκώλυεν αὐτὸν λέγων· ἐγὼ χρείαν ἔχω ὑπὸ σοῦ βαπτισθῆναι καὶ σὺ ἔρχῃ πρός με;
Introduction
Matthew 3:14 records John the Baptist’s theological resistance to baptizing Jesus. The Greek syntax encapsulates Study more .....
Political Discourse and Future Verbal Strategy in Matthew 28:14: A Study in Conditional Syntax and Koine Greek Persuasion
Καὶ ἐὰν ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, ἡμεῖς πείσομεν αὐτὸν, καὶ ὑμᾶς ἀμερίμνους ποιήσομεν.
Introduction
Matthew 28:14 presents a case of political strategy expressed through conditional syntax and future-oriented Study more .....
Greek Grammar and Syntactical Analysis of Matthew 2:1
Τοῦ δὲ Ἰησοῦ γεννηθέντος ἐν Βηθλέεμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας ἐν ἡμέραις Ἡρῴδου τοῦ βασιλέως, ἰδοὺ μάγοι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν παρεγένοντο εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα
Genitive Absolute Construction: Τοῦ Study more .....
Greek Grammar Lesson from John 14:1
Verse in Greek
Μὴ ταρασσέσθω ὑμῶν ἡ καρδία· πιστεύετε εἰς τὸν Θεόν, καὶ εἰς ἐμὲ πιστεύετε.
Focus Topic: Prohibition with Subjunctive and Ambiguous Indicative-Imperative Parallel
This verse opens Jesus' farewell discourse with Study more .....
1 Corinthians 13:12 and the Greek of Mystery and Revelation
Original Text
βλέπομεν γὰρ ἄρτι δι’ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι, τότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον· ἄρτι γινώσκω ἐκ μέρους, τότε δὲ ἐπιγνώσομαι καθὼς καὶ ἐπεγνώσθην.
Literal Study more .....
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Greek Grammar Lesson from Revelation 8:13
Verse in Greek
Καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἤκουσα ἑνὸς ἀετοῦ πετομένου ἐν μεσουρανήματι, λέγοντος φωνῇ μεγάλῃ· Οὐαὶ, οὐαὶ, οὐαὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐκ τῶν λοιπῶν Study more .....
