Synonyms: Corrective Language in the Greek New Testament: ἐπιτιμάω and ἐλέγχω

The Greek New Testament uses various terms to express rebuke, correction, conviction, and exposure of wrongdoing. Among these, ἐπιτιμάω and ἐλέγχω emerge as two major verbs associated with verbal discipline or moral judgment. While both can involve confrontation, they differ in tone, Study more .....
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Greek Grammar Lesson from 1 Corinthians 12:8

Verse in Greek ᾧ μὲν γὰρ διὰ τοῦ Πνεύματος δίδοται λόγος σοφίας, ἄλλῳ δὲ λόγος γνώσεως κατὰ τὸ αὐτὸ Πνεῦμα, Focus Topic: Dative of Advantage and Correlative Conjunctions (μὲν...δὲ) This verse presents Study more .....
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Synonyms: The Temple in Two Dimensions: ἱερόν and ναός in the Greek New Testament

In the Greek New Testament, the terms ἱερόν and ναός both refer to the "temple," yet they carry significantly different nuances and theological implications. Both terms are rooted in Greek religious vocabulary, yet when employed by New Testament writers—especially in the Gospels and Pauline Study more .....
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“Ἰδόντες”: Aorist Participle of Perception and Fulfillment in Matthew 2:10

Introduction: The Joy of Seeing Matthew 2:10 opens with a participle of perception—ἰδόντες {idontes}, from ὁράω, “to see.” The clause reads: “Ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα” —“And when they saw the star, Study more .....
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New Testament Greek Grammar Analysis of John 1:2

Οὗτος ἦν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν Θεόν. Greek Syntax and Sentence Structure in John 1:2 The verse John 1:2 follows the highly structured and theologically rich opening of the Gospel of John. It is a short but dense statement that reaffirms the identity and eternal nature of the Study more .....
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New Testament Greek Grammar Analysis of John 21:25

Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ ὃσα ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ἅτινα ἐὰν γράφηται καθ’ ἕν, οὐδὲ αὐτὸν οἶμαι τὸν κόσμον χωρῆσαι τὰ γραφόμενα βιβλία. Greek Syntax and Sentence Structure in John Study more .....
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The Linguistic and Grammatical Significance of Matthew 1:1 in New Testament Greek

Matthew 1:1 Βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ· υἱοῦ Δαυὶδ· υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ· Introduction Matthew 1:1 serves as the introduction to the Gospel according to Matthew, framing the genealogy of Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ and establishing His Davidic and Study more .....
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The Progressive Present

The progressive present in New Testament Greek expresses an action that is currently in progress or unfolding at the present moment. It is the closest equivalent to the English present continuous tense ("is doing," "are saying," etc.). Characteristics of the Progressive Present - Ongoing Action: The Study more .....
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The Present Indicative in New Testament Greek

The present indicative is one of the most frequently used tenses in the New Testament, serving as a fundamental building block for understanding the Greek text. This tense is pivotal in conveying actions that occur in the present time, but its primary significance extends beyond mere temporality. It Study more .....
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Synonyms: Divine Essence and Nature in the Greek New Testament: θεότης and θειότης

Among the many nuanced terms used to describe the divine in the Greek New Testament, θεότης and θειότης stand out for their subtle distinctions and theological depth. Both derive from the root θεός ("God"), yet their forms and usages convey distinct shades of meaning concerning God's Study more .....
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Introduction to the Tenses of the Indicative Mood in New Testament Greek

The indicative mood in New Testament Greek is primarily used to express factual statements and actual occurrences. The tenses in the indicative mood convey both the time of action and the kind of action (aspect). Understanding these tenses is crucial for accurate interpretation of the New Testament texts. Present Study more .....
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“ἐταράχθη”: The Aorist Passive of Emotional Turmoil in Matthew 2:3

Introduction: A King Troubled, A City Disturbed In Matthew 2:3, the reaction to the magi’s inquiry about the “king of the Jews” is immediate and intense: Herod was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him. The verb ἐταράχθη {etarachthē} is central to the scene, both grammatically and dramatically. Study more .....
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The Tenses in New Testament Greek

New Testament Greek, or Koine Greek, is a rich and nuanced language that offers profound depth to biblical interpretation. One of the essential aspects of this language is its system of tenses, which not only indicate the time of an action but also reveal the kind of action being described. Understanding Study more .....
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Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek

New Testament Greek, also known as Koine Greek, is a rich and expressive language that relies heavily on moods and tenses to convey meaning, intention, and nuance. The syntax of these grammatical features provides a window into the text's deeper meanings and the author's intended message. This article Study more .....
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The Neuter Articular Aorist Passive Participle in Matthew 1:20: “τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν”

Introduction: Participles and the Mystery of Conception In Matthew 1:20, the angelic message to Ἰωσὴφ {Iōsēph} delivers the revelation that Μαρίαμ is pregnant, but not by human means. The phrase τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν is central to this divine disclosure. At the heart Study more .....
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The Transition from Prophetic Arrest to Messianic Proclamation in Mark 1:14: Greek Syntax and Eschatological Messaging

Μετὰ δὲ τὸ παραδοθῆναι τὸν Ἰωάννην, ἦλθεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν, κηρύσσων τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ Θεοῦ· Introduction Mark 1:14 initiates a major transition in the Gospel narrative. Study more .....
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Comparative Greek Analysis: 1 Corinthians 13:4a in Koine vs. Classical Greek

1 Corinthians 13:4a Ἡ ἀγάπη μακροθυμεῖ, χρηστεύεται, ἡ ἀγάπη οὐ ζηλοῖ, ἡ ἀγάπη οὐ περπερεύεται, οὐ φυσιοῦται, Literal English Translation Love is patient, it is kind; love does not envy; love does not boast, it Study more .....
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The Verb Λέγω (“I Say”) in the New Testament

The Greek verb λέγω (legō) is one of the most commonly used verbs in the New Testament, meaning "I say" or "I am saying." It is highly versatile, appearing in various contexts such as direct speech, teachings, and narratives. In this lesson, we will explore λέγω and its plural form λέγομεν Study more .....
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Understanding ἐστίν and ἦν in New Testament Greek

The verbs ἐστίν (estin) and ἦν (ēn) are forms of the Greek verb εἰμί, meaning "to be." These forms are crucial in understanding the structure and meaning of many New Testament passages. While ἐστίν is the present tense, ἦν is the imperfect tense, each serving distinct functions Study more .....
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Greek Grammar Lesson from Matthew 5:12

Matthew 5:12 χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὅτι ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· οὕτω γὰρ ἐδίωξαν τοὺς προφήτας τοὺς πρὸ ὑμῶν. Focus Topic: Imperatives and the Aorist Indicative in Historical Study more .....
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