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Greek Lessons
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Greek Grammar Lesson from Philippians 2:25
Verse in Greek
Ἀναγκαῖον δὲ ἡγησάμην Ἐπαφρόδιτον τὸν ἀδελφὸν καὶ συνεργὸν καὶ συστρατιώτην μου, ὑμῶν δὲ ἀπόστολον καὶ λειτουργὸν τῆς χρείας μου, πέμψαι πρὸς Study more .....
Nouns in New Testament Greek
1. Definition and Function
Definition of a Noun: A noun (ὄνομα) is a word that identifies a person, place, thing, or idea.
Functions of Nouns in a Sentence: Nouns can serve multiple roles, such as:
Subject: The main actor in a sentence.
Direct Object: The recipient of the action.
Indirect Study more .....
“ἐχάρησαν”: The Second Aorist Passive Deponent of Joy in Matthew 2:10
Introduction: The Grammar of Overwhelming Joy
As the magi finally see the star—confirmation of divine guidance—the text states: “they rejoiced with exceedingly great joy.” The Greek verb ἐχάρησαν {echarēsan} is a grammatical paradox: passive in form, but active in function. It is a Study more .....
“ἐκλήθη”: Divine Guest or Invited Savior? The Aorist Passive in John 2:2
Introduction: The Guest Who Becomes the Giver
In John 2:2, Jesus and his disciples are introduced as guests to the wedding at Kana:
“Jesus also was invited to the wedding, along with his disciples.”
The verb used here—ἐκλήθη {eklēthē}—is the aorist passive indicative form of καλέω Study more .....
Greek Grammar Lesson from Galatians 6:10
Verse in Greek
ἄρα οὖν ὡς καιρὸν ἔχομεν, ἐργαζώμεθα τὸ ἀγαθὸν πρὸς πάντας, μάλιστα δὲ πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους τῆς πίστεως.
Focus Topic: Hortatory Subjunctive and Temporal Clause with ὡς
This verse Study more .....
Comparative Greek Analysis: Mark 13:2 in Koine vs. Classical Greek
Original Text (Mark 13:2)
καὶ ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Βλέπεις ταύτας τὰς μεγάλας οἰκοδομάς; οὐ μὴ ἀφεθῇ ὧδε λίθος ἐπὶ λίθον ὃς οὐ μὴ καταλυθῇ.
Literal English Translation
And Study more .....
Posted in Ancient Greek
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Crasis in New Testament Greek
Definition of Crasis
Crasis (Greek: κρᾶσις) is a linguistic phenomenon in Greek where two adjacent words, especially when one ends in a vowel and the next begins with a vowel, combine to form a single word. The term itself means "mixing" or "blending," which captures the essence of this contraction Study more .....
Greek Grammar Lesson from Luke 21:2
Verse in Greek
εἶδε δέ τινα χήραν πενιχρὰν βάλλουσαν ἐκεῖ λεπτὰ δύο,
Focus Topic: Object-Complement Structure and Present Participle in Action Description
This short narrative clause captures an act of humble generosity using a combination of accusative Study more .....
Greek Grammar Lesson from 2 Peter 1:21
Verse in Greek
οὐ γὰρ θελήματι ἀνθρώπου ἠνέχθη ποτὲ προφητεία, ἀλλ’ ὑπὸ Πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἅγιοι Θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι.
Focus Topic: Passive Voice and Dative of Agency vs. ὑπό Study more .....
Comparative Greek Analysis: Hebrews 12:2 in Koine vs. Classical Greek
Original Text (Hebrews 12:2)
ἀφορῶντες εἰς τὸν τῆς πίστεως ἀρχηγὸν καὶ τελειωτὴν Ἰησοῦν, ὃς ἀντὶ τῆς προκειμένης αὐτῷ χαρᾶς ὑπέμεινε σταυρὸν, αἰσχύνης καταφρονήσας, Study more .....
Missionary Initiative and Grammatical Identity in Acts 11:20: Syntax and Semantic Range in the Expansion of the Gospel<
Ἦσαν δέ τινες ἐξ αὐτῶν ἄνδρες Κύπριοι καὶ Κυρηναῖοι, οἵτινες εἰσελθόντες εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν, ἐλάλουν πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνιστάς, εὐαγγελιζόμενοι τὸν κύριον Ἰησοῦν.
Introduction
Acts Study more .....
Identifying Adverbs in New Testament Greek: A Practical Guide
Adverbs in New Testament Greek modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, providing detail on how, when, or where an action occurs. Recognizing adverbs is essential for accurate interpretation and translation.
1. Basic Function of Adverbs
Adverbs provide additional information about verbs, adjectives, Study more .....
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“διὰ τῶν ἐπακολουθούντων σημείων”: Participial Genitive of Means in Mark 16:20
Introduction: Signs That Follow
The longer ending of Mark concludes with a beautiful note of divine validation:
τὸν λόγον βεβαιοῦντος διὰ τῶν ἐπακολουθούντων σημείων
“confirming the word through the signs that followed.”
The prepositional Study more .....
“βεβαιοῦντος”: Present Participial Confirmation of the Word in Mark 16:20
Introduction: A Gospel Confirmed
The final line of Mark’s Gospel (long ending) says:
τοῦ κυρίου συνεργοῦντος, καὶ τὸν λόγον βεβαιοῦντος διὰ τῶν ἐπακολουθούντων σημείων
“...the Lord working with them, and confirming Study more .....
“τοῦ κυρίου συνεργοῦντος, καὶ τὸν λόγον βεβαιοῦντος…”: Genitive Absolute and Divine Participation in Mark 16:20
Introduction: Signs of a Cooperative Kingdom
Mark 16:20 concludes with a profound description of divine activity:
Ἐκεῖνοι δὲ ἐξελθόντες ἐκήρυξαν πανταχοῦ,
τοῦ κυρίου συνεργοῦντος, καὶ τὸν λόγον βεβαιοῦντος διὰ Study more .....
Identifying Adjectives in New Testament Greek: A Practical Guide
Spotting adjectives in New Testament Greek can be a bit tricky at first, but there are some key patterns and grammar rules to help. This guide offers practical tips for recognizing adjectives in New Testament Greek, an essential skill for accurate reading and translation. Here are the main ways to identify Study more .....
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Learning New Testament Greek: Avoiding Common Student Mistakes
Learning New Testament Greek can be challenging, and students often encounter several common pitfalls. Here are some mistakes that new students typically make and suggestions on how to avoid them:
1. Neglecting Vocabulary
Mistake: Students often focus too much on grammar and overlook the importance Study more .....
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Matthew 11:29 and the Language of Invitation
Original Text
ἄρατε τὸν ζυγόν μου ἐφ’ ὑμᾶς καὶ μάθετε ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ, ὅτι πρᾷός εἰμι καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ, καὶ εὑρήσετε ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν·
Literal English Translation
Take Study more .....
Greek Grammar Lesson from Luke 19:4
Verse in Greek
καὶ προδραμὼν ἔμπροσθεν ἀνέβη ἐπὶ συκομορέαν, ἵνα ἴδῃ αὐτόν, ὅτι δι’ ἐκείνης ἤμελλε διέρχεσθαι.
Focus Topic: Purpose Clause with ἵνα and Complementary Infinitive with Imperfect of Intention
This Study more .....
Greek Grammar Lesson from 1 Timothy 3:6
Verse in Greek
μὴ νεόφυτον, ἵνα μὴ τυφωθεὶς εἰς κρίμα ἐμπέσῃ τοῦ διαβόλου.
Focus Topic: Subjunctive Purpose Clause with Aorist Passive Participle
This verse, part of the qualifications for overseers, demonstrates how Greek syntax expresses Study more .....
