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Greek Lessons
- The Word Was with God: A Grammatical Journey from John 1:1
- Teaching, Preaching, Healing: The Triple Ministry in Matthew 4:23
- Greek Grammatical and Syntactic Analysis of Luke 4:22
- The Grammar of Greeting: Sanctified Salutations in Philippians 4:21
- Stumbling Blocks and Subjunctives: Volitional Grammar in 1 Corinthians 8:13
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Category
Aorist Indicative: English Equivalents Of The Greek Aorist Indicative
ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS OF THE GREEK AORIST INDICATIVE
(1) It should be observed that the Aorist for the Perfect and the Aorist for the Pluperfect are not variations from the normal use of the Greek Aorist. Viewed strictly from the point of view of Greek Grammar, these Aorists are simply Historical, Inceptive, Study more .....
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Tagged ἀνέγνωτε, ἐβασίλευσας, ἐγένεσθε, ἔζησεν, Εἴδομεν, ἐκάθισαν, ἔμαθον, ἐπλουτήσατε, εὐδόκησεν, ἥμαρτον, καταβολῆς, κόσμου, κριθήσονται, νῦν, Οὐκ, πάντες, παράδοξα, πρὸ, προσεδέξατο, σήμερον
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Aorist Indicative: The Aorist For The (English) Pluperfect
THE AORIST FOR THE (ENGLISH) PLUPERFECT
(1) The Aorist Indicative is frequently used in narrative passages of a past event which precedes another past event mentioned or implied in the context. In English it is common in such a case to indicate the real order of the events by the use of a Pluperfect Study more .....
Aorist Indicative: The Aorist For The (English) Perfect
THE AORIST FOR THE (ENGLISH) PERFECT
(1) The Aorist is frequently used in Greek where the English idiom requires a Perfect.
Luke 19:9; Σήμερον σωτηρία τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ ἐγένετο, to-day is salvation come to this house.
Matt. 5:21; Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη Study more .....
Aorist Indicative: The Dramatic Aorist
The Aorist Indicative is sometimes used of a state of mind just reached, or of an act expressive of it. The effect is to give to the statement greater vividness than is given by the more usual Present.
Luke 16:4.; ἔγνων τί ποιήσω, I know [lit. I knew, or I perceived] what I shall do.
REMARK. Study more .....
Aorist Indicative: The Epistolary Aorist
The writer of a letter sometimes puts himself in the place of his reader and describes as past that which is to himself present, but which will be past to his reader.
Eph. 6:22; ὃν ἔπεμψα πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, whom I send to you for this very purpose. See also Study more .....
Aorist Indicative: The Gnomic Aorist
The Aorist is used in proverbs and comparisons where the English commonly uses a General Present.
1 Pet. 1:24; ἐξηράνθη ὁ χόρτος, καὶ τὸ ἄνθος ἐξέπεσεν, the grass withereth and the flower falleth. See also Luke 7:35; John 15:6; Jas. 1:11, 24.
REMARK. Winer's Study more .....
Aorist Indicative: The Resultative Aorist
The Aorist of a verb whose Present implies effort or intention, commonly denotes the success of the effort.
Acts 27:43; ὁ δὲ ἑκατοντάρχης βουλόμενος διασῶσαι τὸν Παῦλον ἐκώλυσεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ βουλήματος, but the centurion Study more .....
Aorist Indicative: The Inceptive Aorist
(1) The Aorist of a verb whose Present denotes a state or condition, commonly denotes the beginning of that state.
2 Cor. 8:9; δι’ ὑμᾶς ἐπτώχευσεν πλούσιος ὤν, though he was rich, for your sakes he became poor. See also Luke 15:32; John 4:52; Acts 7:60; Rom. 14:9.
REMARK. Study more .....
Aorist Indicative: The Historical Aorist
(1) The Aorist Indicative is most frequently used to express a past event viewed in its entirety, simply as an event or a single fact. It has no reference to the progress of the event, or to any existing result of it.
John 1:11; εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἦλθεν, καὶ οἱ ἴδιοι αὐτὸν Study more .....
The Aorist Indicative
(1) The constant characteristic of the Aorist tense in all of its moods, including the participle, is that it represents the action denoted by it indefinitely; i.e. simply as an event, neither on the one hand picturing it in progress, nor on the other affirming the existence of its result. The name indefinite Study more .....
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Tagged Aorist Indicative, διακονεῖνῆσαι, εἰπεἴν, ἐξήγαγεν, ἐπτώχευσεν, κωλύειν, κωλυσαι, νομίσαντες, ποιήσας, ποιων, σιγαν, σιγῆσαι
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Imperfect Indicative: Periphrastic Form Of Imperfect
PERIPHRASTIC FORM OF THE IMPERFECT
Periphrastic Imperfects, formed by adding a Present Participle to the Imperfect of the verb eivmi,, are frequent in the New Testament, especially in the historical books. The large majority of these forms denote continued action.
Mark 10:32; καὶ ἦν προάγων Study more .....
Imperfect Indicative: The Imperfect Of Repeated Action
THE IMPERFECT OF REPEATED ACTION
The Imperfect is used of customary or repeated action in past time.
Acts 3:2; ὃν ἐτίθουν καθ’ ἡμέραν πρὸς τὴν θύραν τοῦ ἱεροῦ, whom they used to lay daily at the gate of the temple.
(1) For the use of the Imperfect, Study more .....
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Tagged Imperfect Indicative, ἐβουλόμην, εἰ γὰρ, εἶθε, ἠθέλησα, ὸφεἱλω, ὄφελον, ῶφελον
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Imperfect Indicative: The Conative Imperfect
THE CONATIVE IMPERFECT
The Progressive Imperfect is sometimes used of action attempted, but not accomplished. Cf. THE CONATIVE PRESENT.
Matt. 3:14; ὁ δὲ Ἰωάννης διεκώλυεν αὐτὸν, but he would have hindered him.
See also Luke 1:59, ἐκάλουν; 15:16, ἐδίδου; Study more .....
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Tagged Conative Imperfect, Progressive Imperfect, ἐδίδου, ἐκάλουν, ἠνάγκαζον, συνήλλασσεν
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Imperfect Indicative: The Progressive Imperfect
THE PROGRESSIVE IMPERFECT
The Imperfect is used of action in progress in past time.
Mark 12:41; καὶ πολλοὶ πλούσιοι ἔβαλλον πολλά, and many that were rich were casting in much.
Luke 1:66; καὶ γὰρ χεὶρ κυρίου ἦν μετ’ αὐτοῦ, for Study more .....
Present Indicative: Periphrastic Form Of The Present
PERIPHRASTIC FORM OF THE PRESENT
One of the clearly marked peculiarities of the Greek of the New Testament is the frequency with which periphrastic forms composed of a Present or Perfect Participle (Luke 23:19 is quite exceptional in its use of the Aorist Participle; cf. Ev. Pet. 23), and the Present, Study more .....
Present Indicative: The Present Of Past Action Still In Progress
The Present Of Past Action Still In Progress
The Present Indicative, accompanied by an adverbial expression denoting duration and referring to past time, is sometimes used in Greek, as in German, to describe an action which, beginning in past time, is still in progress at the time of speaking. English Study more .....
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Tagged Aorist Indicative, Present Indicative, δουλεύω, ἔρχομαι, ἔχει, οἶδας, πάρλαι, πάρος, ποτὲ
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Present Indicative: The Present For The Future
The Present For The Future
In a similar way the Present Indicative may be used to describe vividly a future event.
Mark 9:31; Ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδίδοται εἰς χεῖρας ἀνθρώπων, the Son of man is delivered into the hands of men. See also Matt. Study more .....
Present Indicative: The Historical Present in Greek
The Historical Present
The Present Indicative is used to describe vividly a past event in the presence of which the speaker conceives himself to be.
Mark 11:27; Καὶ ἔρχονται πάλιν εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα, and they come again to Jerusalem.
See also Luke 8:49, ἔρχεταί; Study more .....
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Tagged Historical Present, Present Indicative, Ἄγουσιν, ἔρχεταί
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Present Indicative: The Aoristic Present
The Aoristic Present
The Present Indicative is sometimes used of an action or event coincident in time with the act of speaking, and conceived of as a simple event. Most frequently the action denoted by the verb is identical with the act of speaking itself, or takes place in that act.
Acts 16:18; Study more .....
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Tagged Aoristic Present, Ernest De Witt Burton, Present Indicative, ἀφίενταί, Ἐπιτρέπεταί, ἰᾶταί
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Present Indicative: The General Or Gnomic Present
The General Or Gnomic Present
The Present Indicative is used to express customary actions and general truths.
Matt. 7:17; οὕτως πᾶν δένδρον ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς καλοὺς ποιεῖ, τὸ δὲ σαπρὸν δένδρον καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖ, Study more .....
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Tagged Ernest De Witt Burton, Gnomic Present, Present Indicative
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