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Greek Lessons
- Learning Contentment: The Grammar of Sufficiency in Philippians 4:11
- In Vain? Apostolic Anxiety and Grammatical Tension in Galatians 4:11
- Speaking Against and Judging the Law (James 4:11)
- Striving to Enter: Grammatical Urgency and Covenantal Warning in Hebrews 4:11
- In This Name: Grammatical Testimony and Christological Boldness in Acts 4:10
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Category Archives: Grammar
Learning Contentment: The Grammar of Sufficiency in Philippians 4:11
The Verse in Focus (Philippians 4:11) οὐχ ὅτι καθ’ ὑστέρησιν λέγω· ἐγὼ γὰρ ἔμαθον ἐν οἷς εἰμι αὐτάρκης εἶναι οὐχ ὅτι… λέγω: Clarifying Motive Paul opens this sentence with a familiar construction: – οὐχ Study more …..
In Vain? Apostolic Anxiety and Grammatical Tension in Galatians 4:11
Labor in Doubt: Literary and Theological Context of Galatians 4:11 Galatians 4:11 — φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μήπως εἰκῆ κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς. (“I fear for you, that perhaps I have labored in vain for you.”) This terse yet potent verse reveals the … Continue reading
Speaking Against and Judging the Law (James 4:11)
Introduction: Slander as Judgment of the Law James issues a stark ethical and theological warning against slander among believers: Μὴ καταλαλεῖτε ἀλλήλων, ἀδελφοί… “Do not speak against one another, brothers…” He then explains that slandering a brother Study more …..
Striving to Enter: Grammatical Urgency and Covenantal Warning in Hebrews 4:11
Let Us Strive: Literary and Theological Context of Hebrews 4:11 Hebrews 4:11 — Σπουδάσωμεν οὖν εἰσελθεῖν εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν κατάπαυσιν, ἵνα μὴ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ τις ὑποδείγματι πέσῃ τῆς ἀπειθείας. (“Let Study more …..
In This Name: Grammatical Testimony and Christological Boldness in Acts 4:10
Healing in the Name: Literary and Theological Context of Acts 4:10 Acts 4:10 — γνωστὸν ἔστω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν καὶ παντὶ τῷ λαῷ Ἰσραὴλ ὅτι ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου, ὃν ὑμεῖς ἐσταυρώσατε, Study more …..
Known by God: Grammatical Emphasis and Theological Identity in Galatians 4:9
From Knowledge to Bondage: Literary and Theological Context of Galatians 4:9 Galatians 4:9 — νῦν δὲ γνόντες Θεόν, μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ Θεοῦ, πῶς ἐπιστρέφετε πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ἀσθενῆ καὶ πτωχὰ στοιχεῖα, Study more …..
Interrogated for a Healing: Grammatical Irony and Theological Clarity in Acts 4:9
Standing Trial for Kindness: Literary and Theological Context of Acts 4:9 Acts 4:9 — εἰ ἡμεῖς σήμερον ἀνακρινόμεθα ἐπὶ εὐεργεσίᾳ ἀνθρώπου ἀσθενοῦς, ἐν τίνι οὗτος σέσῳσται, (“If we are being examined today Study more …..
Irony and Imperfect Kingship: Grammatical Sarcasm and Apostolic Longing in 1 Corinthians 4:8
Reigning Without Us: Literary and Theological Context of 1 Corinthians 4:8 1 Corinthians 4:8 — ἤδη κεκορεσμένοι ἐστέ, ἤδη ἐπλουτήσατε, χωρὶς ἡμῶν ἐβασιλεύσατε· καὶ ὄφελόν γε ἐβασιλεύσατε, ἵνα καὶ Study more …..
Greek Grammar and Syntactical Analysis of Matthew 4:8
Πάλιν παραλαμβάνει αὐτὸν ὁ διάβολος εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλὸν λίαν, καὶ δείκνυσιν αὐτῷ πάσας τὰς βασιλείας τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτῶν, Adverb of Repetition: Πάλιν The adverb Study more …..
Rest Yet to Come: Conditional Logic and Eschatological Rest in Hebrews 4:8
If Jesus Gave Them Rest: Literary and Theological Context of Hebrews 4:8 Hebrews 4:8 — εἰ γὰρ αὐτοὺς Ἰησοῦς κατέπαυσεν, οὐκ ἂν περὶ ἄλλης ἐλάλει μετὰ ταῦτα ἡμέρας· (“For if Joshua had given them rest, then he would Study more … Continue reading
Choked by Thorns: Fruitlessness in Mark 4:7
καὶ ἄλλο ἔπεσεν εἰς τὰς ἀκάνθας, καὶ ἀνέβησαν αἱ ἄκανθαι καὶ συνέπνιξαν αὐτό, καὶ καρπὸν οὐκ ἔδωκεν Mark 4:7 continues the Parable of the Sower, presenting a scene of slow suffocation. Unlike the seed Study more …..
“οὐ γὰρ ἐκάλεσεν ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς ἐπὶ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ, ἀλλ’ ἐν ἁγιασμῷ”: Called to Holiness, Not Impurity (1 Thessalonians 4:7)
Introduction: The Nature of the Call Paul admonishes the Thessalonians regarding sexual purity and sanctification. In verse 7, he anchors his ethical exhortation in the theology of divine calling: οὐ γὰρ ἐκάλεσεν ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς ἐπὶ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ, ἀλλ’ Study more … Continue reading
Priestly Lineage and Named Authority in Acts 4:6: Apposition, Lists, and Genitive Identification in Narrative Greek
καὶ Ἅνναν τὸν ἀρχιερέα καὶ Καϊάφαν καὶ Ἰωάννην καὶ Ἀλέξανδρον καὶ ὅσοι ἦσαν ἐκ γένους ἀρχιερατικοῦ, Coordinated Proper Nouns and Appositional Structure καὶ: Coordinating conjunction—”and.” Study more …..
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Divine Speech and Illuminated Hearts in 2 Corinthians 4:6: Participles, Prepositions, and the Revelation of God’s Glory in Christ
ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ὁ εἰπὼν ἐκ σκότους φῶς λάμψαι, ὃς ἔλαμψεν ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν πρὸς φωτισμὸν τῆς γνώσεως τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν προσώπῳ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Causal Study more …..
The Shallow Ground: Quick Growth, No Root in Mark 4:5
καὶ ἄλλο ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸ πετρῶδες, ὅπου οὐκ εἶχε γῆν πολλήν, καὶ εὐθέως ἐξανέτειλε διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν βάθος γῆς Mark 4:5 continues the Parable of the Sower with a new scene—this time not the hard Study more …..
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A Glimpse of Power: The Devil’s Offer in Luke 4:5
Καὶ ἀναγαγὼν αὐτὸν ὁ διάβολος εἰς ὄρος ὑψηλὸν ἔδειξεν αὐτῷ πάσας τὰς βασιλείας τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐν στιγμῇ χρόνου This verse sets the stage for the second temptation in the wilderness. The Study more …..
The Seed on the Path: Structure and Symbolism in Mark 4:4
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ σπείρειν ὃ μὲν ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ τὴν ὁδόν, καὶ ἦλθον τὰ πετεινὰ καὶ κατέφαγεν αὐτό This verse belongs to Mark’s version of the Parable of the Sower (Mark 4:4), not Luke’s. The Greek delivers Study more …..
God Rested on the Seventh: Echoes of Genesis in Hebrews 4:4
εἴρηκε γάρ που περὶ τῆς ἑβδόμης οὕτω· καὶ κατέπαυσεν ὁ Θεὸς ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἔργων αὐτοῦ Hebrews 4:4 quotes Genesis with theological intent. It’s not just repetition—it’s Study more …..
Judgment of the Rebels: Grammar and Imagery in Jude 6
ἀγγέλους τε τοὺς μὴ τηρήσαντας τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχὴν, ἀλλὰ ἀπολιπόντας τὸ ἴδιον οἰκητήριον εἰς κρίσιν μεγάλης ἡμέρας δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις ὑπὸ ζόφον τετήρηκεν Jude Study more …..
Bondage Before Adoption: A Grammatical and Theological Study of Galatians 4:3
Introduction Galatians 4:3 — οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς, ὅτε ἦμεν νήπιοι, ὑπὸ τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου ἦμεν δεδουλωμένοι· (“So also we, when we were children, were enslaved under the elemental things of the world.”) This verse Study more …..
