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Greek Lessons
- Learning Contentment: The Grammar of Sufficiency in Philippians 4:11
- In Vain? Apostolic Anxiety and Grammatical Tension in Galatians 4:11
- Speaking Against and Judging the Law (James 4:11)
- Striving to Enter: Grammatical Urgency and Covenantal Warning in Hebrews 4:11
- In This Name: Grammatical Testimony and Christological Boldness in Acts 4:10
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Author Archives: New Testament Greek
In Vain? Apostolic Anxiety and Grammatical Tension in Galatians 4:11
Labor in Doubt: Literary and Theological Context of Galatians 4:11 Galatians 4:11 — φοβοῦμαι ὑμᾶς μήπως εἰκῆ κεκοπίακα εἰς ὑμᾶς. (“I fear for you, that perhaps I have labored in vain for you.”) This terse yet potent verse reveals the … Continue reading
Striving to Enter: Grammatical Urgency and Covenantal Warning in Hebrews 4:11
Let Us Strive: Literary and Theological Context of Hebrews 4:11 Hebrews 4:11 — Σπουδάσωμεν οὖν εἰσελθεῖν εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν κατάπαυσιν, ἵνα μὴ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ τις ὑποδείγματι πέσῃ τῆς ἀπειθείας. (“Let Study more …..
In This Name: Grammatical Testimony and Christological Boldness in Acts 4:10
Healing in the Name: Literary and Theological Context of Acts 4:10 Acts 4:10 — γνωστὸν ἔστω πᾶσιν ὑμῖν καὶ παντὶ τῷ λαῷ Ἰσραὴλ ὅτι ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Ναζωραίου, ὃν ὑμεῖς ἐσταυρώσατε, Study more …..
You Call Me Teacher and Lord: Identity Affirmed in John 13:13
The Verse in Focus (John 13:13) ὑμεῖς φωνεῖτέ με, ὁ διδάσκαλος καὶ ὁ κύριος, καὶ καλῶς λέγετε· εἰμὶ γάρ ὑμεῖς φωνεῖτέ με: Personal Address and Present Action The subject ὑμεῖς (“you”) is emphatic, Study more …..
A Life According to the Strictest Sect: Identity in Acts 26:5
Acts 26:5 προγινώσκοντές με ἄνωθεν, ἐὰν θέλωσι μαρτυρεῖν, ὅτι κατὰ τὴν ἀκριβεστάτην αἵρεσιν τῆς ἡμετέρας θρησκείας ἔζησα Φαρισαῖος προγινώσκοντές με ἄνωθεν: Study more …..
First of All: The Grammar of Intercession in 1 Timothy 2:1
1 Timothy 2:1 Παρακαλῶ οὖν πρῶτον πάντων ποιεῖσθαι δεήσεις, προσευχάς, ἐντεύξεις, εὐχαριστίας, ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀνθρώπων Παρακαλῶ οὖν: A Pastoral Urging The verb Παρακαλῶ is the present Study more …..
2 Thessalonians 1:11 and the Greek of Intercession and Fulfillment
2 Thessalonians 1:11 εἰς ὃ καὶ προσευχόμεθα πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν, ἵνα ὑμᾶς ἀξιώσῃ τῆς κλήσεως ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν καὶ πληρώσῃ πᾶσαν εὐδοκίαν ἀγαθωσύνης καὶ ἔργον πίστεως Study more …..
The Grammar of Humility: Jesus’ Arrival in Matthew 3:13
Τότε παραγίνεται ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἐπὶ τὸν Ἰορδάνην πρὸς τὸν Ἰωάννην τοῦ βαπτισθῆναι ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ Matthew’s language is quiet but deliberate. Jesus doesn’t declare, explain, or teach Study more …..
Comparing Classical Greek and Koine Greek
Classical Greek and Koine Greek represent two major historical stages of the Greek language. Classical Greek, particularly the Attic dialect, was the literary and intellectual language of 5th–4th centuries BC Athens. Koine Greek, which emerged after the conquests of Alexander … Continue reading
Posted in Ancient Greek
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Hebrews 3:6 and the Greek of Sonship and Confidence
Hebrews 3:6 Χριστὸς δὲ ὡς υἱὸς ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ, οὗ οἶκός ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς, ἐὰνπερ τὴν παρρησίαν καὶ τὸ καύχημα τῆς ἐλπίδος μέχρι τέλους βεβαίαν κατάσχωμεν. Literal Study more …..
“μνείαν σου ποιούμενος ἐπὶ τῶν προσευχῶν μου”: Participial Thanksgiving and Remembrance in Philemon 4
Introduction: Gratitude in the Form of Prayer Paul opens his letter to Philemon with this tender line: Εὐχαριστῶ τῷ Θεῷ μου πάντοτε μνείαν σου ποιούμενος ἐπὶ τῶν προσευχῶν μου “I thank my God always, making mention of you Study more … Continue reading
Greek Grammar Lesson from Luke 2:15
Verse in Greek Καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἀπῆλθον ἀπ’ αὐτῶν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν οἱ ἄγγελοι, καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι οἱ ποιμένες εἶπον πρὸς ἀλλήλους· Διέλθωμεν δὴ ἕως Βηθλέεμ καὶ ἴδωμεν Study more …..
Comparing Modern Greek and Koine Greek
Modern Greek and Koine Greek, though genetically related, differ in numerous linguistic and historical respects. Koine Greek, the dialect of the Greek New Testament, emerged in the Hellenistic period as a common dialect (κοινή διάλεκτος) that unified various Greek dialects … Continue reading
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Acts 20:10 and the Urgency of Apostolic Action
Original Text καταβὰς δὲ ὁ Παῦλος ἐπέπεσεν αὐτῷ καὶ συμπεριλαβὼν εἶπε· Μὴ θορυβεῖσθε· ἡ γὰρ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ ἐστιν. Literal English Translation But Paul went down, fell upon him, and embracing Study more …..
Comparative Greek Analysis: James 3:2 in Koine vs. Classical Greek
Original Text (James 3:2) πολλὰ γὰρ πταίομεν ἅπαντες. εἴ τις ἐν λόγῳ οὐ πταίει, οὗτος τέλειος ἀνήρ, δυνατὸς χαλιναγωγῆσαι καὶ ὅλον τὸ σῶμα. Literal English Translation For we all stumble Study more …..
Not in Vain: Participles and Persuasion in 2 Corinthians 6:1
The Verse in Focus (2 Corinthians 6:1) Συνεργοῦντες δὲ καὶ παρακαλοῦμεν μὴ εἰς κενὸν τὴν χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ δέξασθαι ὑμᾶς· The Present Participle: Συνεργοῦντες The participle συνεργοῦντες comes from Study more …..
Joy Beyond Measure: Exploring Greek Intensification in Matthew 2:10
The Verse in Focus Ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα This verse from Matthew 2:10 is rich in both grammatical beauty and expressive emotion. A Closer Look at the Structure This vivid sentence from Matthew 2:10 captures the … Continue reading
Greek Verbal Nuance, Syntax, and Semantic Tension in John 21:16
Λέγει αὐτῷ πάλιν δεύτερον· Σίμων Ἰωνᾶ, ἀγαπᾷς με; Λέγει αὐτῷ· ναί κύριε, σὺ οἶδας ὅτι φιλῶ σε. Λέγει αὐτῷ· ποίμαινε τὰ πρόβατά μου. Introduction John 21:16 is the second of three similar Study more …..
“ἵνα φάγωσιν οὗτοι”: Purpose Clause and Aorist Subjunctive in John 6:5
Introduction: Bread for the Multitude John 6:5 introduces the setting for the feeding of the 5,000. Jesus looks up and sees the crowd approaching: Ἐπάρας οὖν ὁ Ἰησοῦς τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς, καὶ θεασάμενος ὅτι πολὺς ὄχλος ἔρχεται Study more …..
“τοῦ Ἰωανάν, τοῦ Ῥησά…”: Patronymic Genitives and Ellipsis in Luke 3:27
Introduction: A Lineage Without Verbs In Luke 3:23–38, the evangelist presents the genealogy of Jesus in reverse, going from Jesus all the way back to Adam. Each generation is presented in a minimalist formula: τοῦ [Name] — “of [Name]” Our … Continue reading
